Impending arrival - a sequel to the survey on central bank digital currency

Research and experimentation on central bank digital currencies continue to fuel discussion and debate. This BIS paper updates an earlier survey that asked central banks how their plans in this area are developing. The latest responses show emerging market economies reporting stronger motivations and a higher likelihood that they will issue digital currencies, with central banks representing a fifth of the world's population reportedly likely to issue very soon.

JEL classification: E42, E58, O33

Keywords: central bank digital currencies, CBDC, digital innovation, money flower, cryptocurrencies, cryptoassets, financial inclusion